சுருக்கம்

??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????

எமிலி பூதே

??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???????. ?????? ????????? 8.5-11% ??????????? (???????? ??????? ????. 2005) ??????? 10-15% ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????????. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????? ?????? (Grote et al. 2010). ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? (Ashton et al. 2009; State of the World's Mothers 2015) ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? (Edwards and Hanke 2013; Amnesty International 2010) ?????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????. ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? CentreingPregnancy® ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? (?????? 1998) ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????????, ?????, ????????????? ??????? ???-???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????. CentreingPregnancy® ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? (Ickovics et al. 2007), ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? (Ickovics et al. 2003) ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? (Ickovics et al. 2011) ????????? ??????????????. ???????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???, ??????????? ????????® ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? (Heberlein et al. 2016). ???? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????, ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? (???????? 2013) ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????.