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Antioxidant Activity and Anticancer Study on Phytochemicals Extract from Tubers of Gloriosa superba against Human Cancer Cell (Hep-G2)

Simon SE and Jayakumar FA

Gloriosa superba is an alkaloid plant containing a large amount of alkaloid components like colchicine and gloriosine. This study involves anti-cancer examination on Hep-G2 cells (human liver cancer cells) using phytochemical extract obtained from G. superba tuber. G. superba tubers were identified and collected. The collected sample is shade dried and subjected to pulverisation. The powdered sample is followed for the solvent extraction using soxhlet apparatus for 23 cycles for 48 h in the corresponding temperature of the solvent used. The solvents which are used for the extractions are methanol, water and petroleum ether. Phytochemical qualitative analysis was done. The quantitative analysis was followed to the specific phytochemicals such as saponins and alkaloids which have the anti-cancer properties mentioned from earlier literature studies. The analysed solvents are subjected to anti-oxidant activity by DPPH assay. From each solvent the methanolic extract hold the higher value of anti-oxidant property. The solvent which has the highest antioxidant property were preceded to the anti-cancer test against Hep-G2 cells (human liver cancer cells) by MTT assay. The cell death percentage of Hep-G2 cells were calculated from cell viability obtained by MTT assay. Triplicate values were obtained. From the triplicate value the mean value was determined to obtain the average value for each concentration 5 μg, 10 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg. The higher concentration of 100 μg has the lower viable rate and 50% inhibition of viability (IC50) was determined graphically. Death rate of cells indicated the cancer inhibition rate which is due to Hep-G2 cells failed to retain the viability. Inhibition rate of 100 μg has the higher inhibition range of 54.3%. Death rate of Hep-G2 cells may be due to various reasons like protein binding, DNA replication interaction, receptor binding inhibitors, etc. this current study shows the G. superba tubers has the potential to inhibit the growth of Hep-G2 cell.