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Techniques of Tar Removal from Producer Gas ? A Review

Chiranjeevaraoseela, VinodbabuCh, VykuntaRao M

Energy utilization is a basic measure of economic growth of any country, Most of the countries are depending mainly on liquid fuels like petrol, diesel etc. ; Petroleum purely contains HC mixtures and carbon dioxide. Perfect combustion is not possible with petroleum. It will lead to the generation of CO like emissions. Also at high temperatures the formation of NOX takes place which may lead to the environmental pollution. Also, these fuels are supposed to be depleted in course of time. So there is the need to search for alternative fuels. Producer gas is one of the alternative fuels which can be obtained from the local available wastes by thermo-chemical biomass conversion processes, especially gasification and pyrolysis Gasification is the conversion of biomass into a combustible gas mixture by the partial oxidation of biomass at higher temperature typically in the range 800o–900oC.The low calorific value (CV) gas produced (about 4–6 MJ/N m3) can be burnt directly or used as a fuel for gas engines and gas turbines. The main constituents of the producer Gas are CH4, CO, CO2, and other HC’s. During gasification of biomass, however, a large amount of tar is also formed. Tar has all organic contaminants with a molecular weight larger than benzene. Tar formation is one of the major problems to deal with because of blocking and fouling process equipment such as pipes and valves in gas engine and turbines. Also the presence of tar will impose serious limitations in the use of producer gas due to engine wear and high maintenance costs. This work deals with various Tar removal techniques.