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Dipeptidyl Peptidase?IV: A Brief Review

Diabetes mellitus-2 [NIDDM/T2D] is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. DPP IV inhibitors have been investigated as new target for T2D treatment. DPP IV inhibition improves the impaired insulin secretion and decrease postprandial concentrations of glucagon by enhancing the incretin hormone levels of Glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1) and Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Many research activities in this area resulted in the introduction of Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin (Only in Europe) and few active molecules entered into clinical trials, for example Alogliptin. Treatment of this metabolic disorder especially in the early stages of the disease by DPP IV inhibition has been recognized as a validated and large numbers of inhibitors are currently in various stages of preclinical or clinical development. This review summarizes the development of DPP IV inhibitors, molecular mechanism, and etc.